Ancient · Buddhist · Nepal

Swayambhunath Stupa

Kathmandu, Bagmati · 27.7149°, 85.2904°

Swayambhu (self-arisen light)LicchaviStupa on hilltopUNESCO World Heritage
Sacred since
400 CE
first attestation / structure
Standing structure
Licchavi-era attestations; renewed for 1,500 years
Licchavi

History & significance

The 'Monkey Temple' on its hill west of Kathmandu — with Boudhanath one of the two poles of Newar and Tibetan Buddhism in the valley, climbed by 365 steep steps past troops of rhesus monkeys. Hindu shrines share the summit, the valley's syncretism in miniature; the stupa's painted eyes became the emblem of Nepal itself.

Sthala katha — the legend

The Kathmandu valley was once a great lake in whose centre bloomed a lotus of self-arisen flame; the bodhisattva Manjushri cleft the southern hills with his sword at Chobar, drained the waters, and the flame-lotus settled as this hill — the light enshrined, the valley given to humankind.

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Sources

coordinates: wikipedia-2026-08-26 · sources retrieved 2026-08-26 · dynasty page: Licchavi